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Choose the species
One selection filters the source overview, clinical facts, reports and dose calculator. Literature references are not species-filtered.
Choose one species for its overview and dose calculator, or all species to browse the full evidence.
Source overview
Recorded excerpts for one species. Each dose remains a separate source entry; no regimen is selected.
Choose one species to view its source overview. All-species evidence remains available below.
View full clinical evidence and sources ↓Clinical evidence
Pending clinical review (PROPOSED)Rule-based (RULE_BASED)— applies to the facts and dose entries in this species selection; individual source records retain their own status.
Indications2
CNS neoplasms (metabolites cross BBB), mast cell tumors, histiocytic sarcoma, lymphoma rescue
DogCatExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)2 source records · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: CNS neoplasms (metabolites cross BBB), mast cell tumors, histiocytic sarcoma, lymphoma rescue — Extra-label (human drug)
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: CNS neoplasms (metabolites cross BBB), mast cell tumors, histiocytic sarcoma, lymphoma rescue — Extra-label (human drug)
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Dose regimens3
This calculator performs arithmetic only on the sourced dosing field shown for each result — it does not verify the field's accuracy, does not select which field to use for a patient, and does not replace a veterinarian's order. Not for clinical use. Confirm every result against the primary source before dispensing.
Choose one species above to view its dose calculator.
Adverse effects149
Delayed bone marrow suppression — nadirs 1–3 wk post-dose (thrombocytopenia prominent) — Most serious
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
GI (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea), stomatitis — Common
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Hepatotoxicity (dose-cumulative in dogs) — Documented — monitor LFTs
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Rare: renal toxicity, pulmonary infiltrates/fibrosis, corneal de-epithelization, alopecia — Uncommon
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
These are counts of spontaneously reported events, not proven adverse effects, causal relationships, or incidence rates.
Bars compare report counts within each species; they do not show incidence.
More reportsFewer reportsDog
- Decreased appetite6 reports
- Lack of efficacy - NOS6 reports
- Diarrhoea5 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')5 reports
- Death4 reports
- Death by euthanasia4 reports
- Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP)4 reports
- Anorexia3 reports
- Ataxia3 reports
- Disorientation3 reports
- Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT)3 reports
- Elevated liver enzymes3 reports
Cat
- Behavioural disorder NOS4 reports
- Death by euthanasia3 reports
- Anaemia NOS2 reports
- Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)2 reports
- Elevated creatinine2 reports
- Not eating2 reports
- Anorexia1 reports
- Cold feeling of extremity1 reports
- Constipation1 reports
- Crying1 reports
- Decreased appetite1 reports
- Decreased packed cell volume (PCV)1 reports
Monitoring1
CBC with platelets 1 week after each dose AND before the next (platelets <200,000/µL → hold until resolved); liver enzymes (cumulative hepatotoxicity); renal values
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Monitoring Parameters · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Precautions5
Anemia, marrow depression, pulmonary impairment, active infection, renal impairment, prior chemo/radiation — risk:benefit weighing
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
The delayed nadir is the trap: check blood at day 7 (trough) and again before the next dose (recovery) — a dog fine at discharge can be pancytopenic at day 14.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
CNS penetration via metabolites = why CCNU is a go-to for gliomas/meningiomas when chemotherapy is attempted.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Mast cell tumors (post-toceranib era it remains a key oral option) and histiocytic sarcoma round out its niche.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
q3–6 week intervals mean one capsule every few weeks — the whole dose arrives at once; splitting or compounding for cats (10 mg) matters.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Interactions2
Other myelosuppressives — Additive marrow toxicity
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Hepatotoxic drugs — Additive liver risk
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pharmacokinetics3
Mechanism — Alkylation + carbamoylation → DNA/RNA synthesis inhibition; cell-cycle non-specific
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
BBB — Parent drug not in CSF but active metabolites reach substantial CSF levels — the CNS-tumor rationale
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Metabolism — Extensive hepatic → active + inactive metabolites, urinary elimination
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pregnancy / lactation considerations1
Teratogenic — contraindicated.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 737–738 — Pregnancy & Lactation · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Literature references14
References are linked to this drug. Species applicability is not recorded here, so the species filter does not narrow this list. Imported dates do not retain their original precision; confirm dates in the original citation.
- Chemotherapy for the treatment of intracranial glioma in dogs.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- A Retrospective Comparison of Survival, Tumour Reduction and Relapse Outcomes Following Oclacitinib and CCNU Treatment in Dogs With Canine Epitheliotropic T-Cell Lymphoma.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- A Retrospective Investigation of 28 Cats with Intermediate- to Large-Cell Lymphoma Treated with Lomustine and Prednisolone as a First-Line Chemotherapy.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Cytotoxicity of Cannabinoids in Combination with Traditional Lymphoma Chemotherapeutic Drugs Against Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- The combination of lomustine and corticosteroids is a valid chemotherapeutic option in cats with presumptive central nervous system lymphoma.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
Sources: PubMed, National Library of Medicine; openFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Plumb DC. Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook. 7th ed. PharmaVet Inc; 2011.
Owner information handout
Plain-language medication information to review with the owner. Open the handout to print it or download a PDF.