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One selection filters the source overview, clinical facts, reports and dose calculator. Literature references are not species-filtered.
Choose one species for its overview and dose calculator, or all species to browse the full evidence.
Source overview
Recorded excerpts for one species. Each dose remains a separate source entry; no regimen is selected.
Choose one species to view its source overview. All-species evidence remains available below.
View full clinical evidence and sources ↓Clinical evidence
Pending clinical review (PROPOSED)Rule-based (RULE_BASED)— applies to the facts and dose entries in this species selection; individual source records retain their own status.
Indications2
Immune-mediated dermatoses: dermatomyositis, Sheltie/Collie ulcerative dermatosis, lupoid onychodystrophy, vasculitis, contact/ear-margin dermatoses — anywhere microcirculation + neutrophil modulation helps; NOT first-line for atopic dermatitis (modest benefit, Olivry 2010)
DogExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Immune-mediated dermatoses: dermatomyositis, Sheltie/Collie ulcerative dermatosis, lupoid onychodystrophy, vasculitis, contact/ear-margin dermatoses — anywhere microcirculation + neutrophil modulation helps; NOT first-line for atopic dermatitis (modest benefit, Olivry 2010) — Extra-label (human drug)
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
DCM adjunct
DogExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: DCM adjunct — Extra-label
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Dose regimens2
This calculator performs arithmetic only on the sourced dosing field shown for each result — it does not verify the field's accuracy, does not select which field to use for a patient, and does not replace a veterinarian's order. Not for clinical use. Confirm every result against the primary source before dispensing.
Choose one species above to view its dose calculator.
Adverse effects104
GI (vomiting, inappetence, loose stools) — most common — Dose-related
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
CNS excitement/nervousness — Occasional
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Erythema multiforme — Rare
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Human overdose: flushing, seizures, hypotension, somnolence, ECG changes — High-dose picture
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
These are counts of spontaneously reported events, not proven adverse effects, causal relationships, or incidence rates.
Bars compare report counts within each species; they do not show incidence.
More reportsFewer reportsDog
- Diarrhoea18 reports
- Vomiting13 reports
- Erythema (for urticaria see Immune SOC)12 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in Neurological)11 reports
- Pruritus10 reports
- Crust9 reports
- Monocytosis8 reports
- Anorexia7 reports
- Death by euthanasia7 reports
- Decreased appetite7 reports
- Lack of efficacy - NOS7 reports
- Not eating7 reports
Monitoring1
Clinical response over 4–8 weeks (derm scoring); GI tolerance; bleeding signs with anticoagulant co-therapy
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Monitoring Parameters · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Contraindications1
Retinal or cerebral hemorrhage; xanthine hypersensitivity (theophylline cross)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Precautions4
Severe hepatic/renal impairment; hemorrhage risk (trauma, coagulopathy)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
The "blood-thinner that isn't an anticoagulant": improves flow through damaged microvasculature (RBC deformability) + damps neutrophil/TNF inflammation — the logic behind ulcerative dermatosis and vasculitis use in rough-coated breeds.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Cheap steroid-sparing adjunct, never first-line for atopy — pair with the expectations conversation (weeks to effect).
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Warfarin co-use bleeding flag is the dispensing-relevant interaction.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Interactions4
Warfarin/anticoagulants — ↑ bleeding risk — enhanced monitoring
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Antihypertensives — Additive hypotension
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Theophylline-class — Additive xanthine effects
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Cimetidine (human) — ↑ PTX levels
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pharmacokinetics3
Mechanism — ↑ RBC flexibility (deformability) + ↓ blood viscosity + PDE-inhibition immunomodulation (↓TNF-α, neutrophil activation) — "rheology plus cytokine"
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Dog PK — ~50% bioavailability; peak 1–3 h; t½ 6–7 h (parent) but active metabolite-1 t½ 36 h
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Horse PK — 68% average bioavailability (crushed SR tablets), wide interpatient variation
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pregnancy / lactation considerations1
Excreted in milk; rat tumorigenicity signal — cautious nursing use.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 955–956 — Pregnancy & Lactation · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Literature references19
References are linked to this drug. Species applicability is not recorded here, so the species filter does not narrow this list. Imported dates do not retain their original precision; confirm dates in the original citation.
- The adverse effects of testicular hyperthermia on semen quality in stallions are attenuated by oral pentoxifylline treatment.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Combined effects of pre-freeze cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin and post-thaw pentoxifylline on the functional longevity of cryopreserved stallion sperm.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Therapies for Liver Disease.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- A QbD optimization of a pH-responsive Eudragit S100-chitosan nanoformulation for the co-delivery of pentoxifylline and simvastatin in colorectal cancer therapy.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Pentoxifylline and Its 5-Hydroxyhexyl Metabolite Administered by Different Doses in Goats.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
Sources: PubMed, National Library of Medicine; openFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Plumb DC. Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook. 7th ed. PharmaVet Inc; 2011.
Owner information handout
Plain-language medication information to review with the owner. Open the handout to print it or download a PDF.