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One selection filters the source overview, clinical facts, reports and dose calculator. Literature references are not species-filtered.
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Source overview
Recorded excerpts for one species. Each dose remains a separate source entry; no regimen is selected.
Choose one species to view its source overview. All-species evidence remains available below.
View full clinical evidence and sources ↓Clinical evidence
Pending clinical review (PROPOSED)Rule-based (RULE_BASED)— applies to the facts and dose entries in this species selection; individual source records retain their own status.
Indications2
Hypertensive crisis (systolic >200 mmHg); acute/refractory CHF with fulminant pulmonary edema (esp. severe mitral regurgitation); cardiogenic shock (with dobutamine)
DogExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Hypertensive crisis (systolic >200 mmHg); acute/refractory CHF with fulminant pulmonary edema (esp. severe mitral regurgitation); cardiogenic shock (with dobutamine) — Extra-label (human drug)
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Same — ICU-only use
CatExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)1 source record · View provenance
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Same — ICU-only use — Extra-label
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Dose regimens3
This calculator performs arithmetic only on the sourced dosing field shown for each result — it does not verify the field's accuracy, does not select which field to use for a patient, and does not replace a veterinarian's order. Not for clinical use. Confirm every result against the primary source before dispensing.
Choose one species above to view its dose calculator.
Adverse effects8
Hypotension (excessively rapid BP reduction) — Main effect-related risk
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Nausea, retching, restlessness, muscle twitching — Human-reported; resolve with rate reduction
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Cyanide toxicity — Prolonged infusion (>3 days), hepatic insufficiency, or depleted thiosulfate; early signs = metabolic acidosis, tolerance to therapy
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Thiocyanate toxicity — Delirium (dogs); prolonged therapy + renal dysfunction
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
These are counts of spontaneously reported events, not proven adverse effects, causal relationships, or incidence rates.
Bars compare report counts within each species; they do not show incidence.
More reportsFewer reportsDog
- Collapse NOS (see also 'Cardio-vascular' and 'Neurological disorders')1 reports
- Death by euthanasia1 reports
- Inappetence1 reports
- Seizure NOS1 reports
Monitoring1
Continuous/r frequent blood pressure; acid–base status (metabolic acidosis = early cyanide sign); infusion site; serum thiocyanate if prolonged; tolerance development
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Monitoring Parameters · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Contraindications1
Compensatory hypertension (AV shunts, aortic coarctation, Cushing's reflex); inadequate cerebral circulation
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Precautions6
Hepatic insufficiency, severe renal impairment, hyponatremia, hypothyroidism; geriatrics more sensitive; less tolerance to hypovolemia/anemia/blood loss during controlled hypotension
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
ICU-only drug — continuous BP monitoring and accurate flow-control pump essential
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Cyanide-toxicity antidote support: hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12a) may prevent cyanogen toxicity; thiosulfate supplies sulfur for detoxification.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Practical recipe (Plumb): 50 mg vial → 1000 mL D5W = 50 µg/mL; with a 60-drop/mL mini-drip set, 1 drop ≈ 0.83 µg.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Typical course: stabilize ~12 h, wean nitroprusside over 6 h, start ACE inhibitor before/during taper — abrupt discontinuation without oral vasodilator backup risks rebound.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Interactions3
General anesthetics (halothane, enflurane) — Enhanced hypotension
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Dobutamine — Synergy (↑ CO, ↓ wedge) — often deliberate
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Other hypotensives (beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors) — Increased sensitivity to hypotensive effect
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pharmacokinetics3
Onset/offset — Seconds–minutes; BP returns to pre-treatment within 1–10 min of stopping
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Metabolism — Rapidly converted to cyanide → thiocyanate (hepatic, thiosulfate-dependent)
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Elimination — Thiocyanate renally cleared
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pregnancy / lactation considerations1
Human FDA category C; canine/feline class C (Papich 1989 — last resort). Unknown excretion in milk.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 896–897; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 570–571 — Pregnancy & Lactation · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Literature references20
References are linked to this drug. Species applicability is not recorded here, so the species filter does not narrow this list. Imported dates do not retain their original precision; confirm dates in the original citation.
- Successive nitric oxide and lipoic acid priming mitigates [ZnO]NPs toxicity in wheat: experimental and DFT insights.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Modulatory role of nitric oxide in cobalt-induced stress in two lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) varieties: a physiological approach.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Comparison the effects of arginine and sodium nitroprusside on the vase-life of Polianthes tuberosa L. cut flowers.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Synergistic effects of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide in enhancing salt stress tolerance in cucumber seedlings.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- NO and melatonin interplay augment Cd-tolerance mechanism in eggplants: ROS detoxification and regulation of gene expression.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
Sources: PubMed, National Library of Medicine; openFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Plumb DC. Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook. 7th ed. PharmaVet Inc; 2011.
Owner information handout
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