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One selection filters the source overview, clinical facts, reports and dose calculator. Literature references are not species-filtered.
Choose one species for its overview and dose calculator, or all species to browse the full evidence.
Source overview
Recorded excerpts for one species. Each dose remains a separate source entry; no regimen is selected.
Choose one species to view its source overview. All-species evidence remains available below.
View full clinical evidence and sources ↓Clinical evidence
Pending clinical review (PROPOSED)Rule-based (RULE_BASED)— applies to the facts and dose entries in this species selection; individual source records retain their own status.
Indications2
Gastric/duodenal ulcers, gastritis, esophagitis (adjunct)
DogCatExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)2 source records · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Gastric/duodenal ulcers, gastritis, esophagitis (adjunct) — Extra-label — efficacy data mixed/limited
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Gastric/duodenal ulcers, gastritis, esophagitis (adjunct) — Extra-label — efficacy data mixed/limited
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Dose regimens3
This calculator performs arithmetic only on the sourced dosing field shown for each result — it does not verify the field's accuracy, does not select which field to use for a patient, and does not replace a veterinarian's order. Not for clinical use. Confirm every result against the primary source before dispensing.
Choose one species above to view its dose calculator.
Adverse effects204
Generally well tolerated — Adverse effects mainly with decreased renal clearance
DogCatNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)2 source records · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Intravascular hemolysis (rapid IV) — Rare, anecdotal
CatNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
CNS effects — High-dose, human data
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
These are counts of spontaneously reported events, not proven adverse effects, causal relationships, or incidence rates.
Bars compare report counts within each species; they do not show incidence.
More reportsFewer reportsDog
- Vomiting799 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')580 reports
- Diarrhoea472 reports
- Anorexia403 reports
- Death by euthanasia362 reports
- Other abnormal test result NOS343 reports
- Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT)318 reports
- Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP)257 reports
- Decreased appetite247 reports
- Death238 reports
- Not eating229 reports
- Weight loss225 reports
Cat
- Anorexia83 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')75 reports
- Vomiting74 reports
- Weight loss59 reports
- Death by euthanasia58 reports
- Other abnormal test result NOS52 reports
- Diarrhoea48 reports
- Not eating47 reports
- Dehydration44 reports
- Death39 reports
- Lack of efficacy - NOS38 reports
- Anaemia NOS37 reports
Monitoring1
Clinical efficacy; no specific lab monitoring required
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Monitoring Parameters · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Contraindications1
H2-blocker hypersensitivity
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Precautions4
Cardiac disease (mild negative inotrope/arrhythmogenic potential), significant hepatic/renal impairment
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Efficacy evidence is genuinely mixed — some studies show benefit at 1 mg/kg, others show no difference from placebo for raising gastric pH in dogs; omeprazole is more consistently effective and now often preferred for significant GI ulceration.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Give with food for best absorption.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Always give IV doses to cats slowly (over 5 minutes) — rapid IV push has anecdotally caused hemolysis.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Interactions2
Ketoconazole, itraconazole, iron — ↓ absorption (need acid environment)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
— — Unlike cimetidine, famotidine does not significantly inhibit CYP450 enzymes — fewer interactions than cimetidine
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pharmacokinetics4
Bioavailability — ~40–50% (human)
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Half-life — ~2–3h (horse data; small animal not well characterized)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Metabolism — Partial hepatic
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Elimination — ~1/3 unchanged renal (PO), ~2/3 unchanged renal (IV)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pregnancy / lactation considerations1
Distributed into milk; not shown to cross blood-brain barrier or placenta in rats.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 501–503; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 310–312 — Pregnancy & Lactation · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Literature references18
References are linked to this drug. Species applicability is not recorded here, so the species filter does not narrow this list. Imported dates do not retain their original precision; confirm dates in the original citation.
- Gastroprotective Effects of Nettle- and Carob-Enriched Snail Mucus in a Rat Model of Gastric Injury: Role of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- BDNF and GSK-3β signaling in depression: molecular mechanisms underlying neural plasticity dysfunction.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Cocrystal mitigates the effects of elevated gastric pH on oral absorption of weakly basic drugs: a case study with ketoconazole-succinic acid cocrystal on beagle dogs.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Discovery of H(2) Receptor Antagonists as Colistin Enhancers by Targeting Acid Stress Response.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Gastroprotective effect of nifuroxazide against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1, HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB p65, and apoptotic caspase-3 signaling pathways.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
Sources: PubMed, National Library of Medicine; openFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Plumb DC. Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook. 7th ed. PharmaVet Inc; 2011.
Owner information handout
Plain-language medication information to review with the owner. Open the handout to print it or download a PDF.