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One selection filters the source overview, clinical facts, reports and dose calculator. Literature references are not species-filtered.
Choose one species for its overview and dose calculator, or all species to browse the full evidence.
Source overview
Recorded excerpts for one species. Each dose remains a separate source entry; no regimen is selected.
No clinical assertions recorded for an overview.
View full clinical evidence and sources ↓Clinical evidence
Dose regimens0
No dose regimens recorded for this species selection.
Adverse effects200
These are counts of spontaneously reported events, not proven adverse effects, causal relationships, or incidence rates.
Bars compare report counts within each species; they do not show incidence.
More reportsFewer reportsDog
- Vomiting47 reports
- Other abnormal test result NOS36 reports
- Death by euthanasia35 reports
- Death30 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')28 reports
- Lack of efficacy - NOS25 reports
- Diarrhoea24 reports
- Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT)24 reports
- Not eating24 reports
- Pain NOS23 reports
- Seizure NOS23 reports
- Anorexia22 reports
Cat
- Death20 reports
- Vomiting19 reports
- Behavioural disorder NOS18 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in Neurological)18 reports
- Weight loss18 reports
- Anorexia15 reports
- Death by euthanasia15 reports
- Elevated creatinine15 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')15 reports
- Other abnormal test result NOS15 reports
- Dehydration14 reports
- Hyperglycaemia13 reports
Literature references15
References are linked to this drug. Species applicability is not recorded here, so the species filter does not narrow this list. Imported dates do not retain their original precision; confirm dates in the original citation.
- Modulation of sodium retention, diffusion, and saltiness perception via the interaction of Haematococcus pluvialis polysaccharides with oral mucins.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Unraveling species-specific and stressor-associated halophyte responses to plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) under extreme salinity and temperature conditions.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Unraveling taste enhancement mechanism of yeast-inoculated reduced-salt fermented sausage: Proteolysis, taste compound formation, and receptor binding of potential salty/salty taste-enhancing peptides.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Date palm by-products, fish waste, and Moringa oleifera as a cost-effective total mixed ration for fattening lambs: trade-offs between economic benefits and growth performance.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Vitamin E supplementation moderates salt-induced oxidation status in beef.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
Sources: PubMed, National Library of Medicine; openFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Available products
Products listed in the Health Canada Drug Product Database for this active ingredient. A listing does not establish that a product is authorized for the clinical uses described on this page.