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Source overview
Recorded excerpts for one species. Each dose remains a separate source entry; no regimen is selected.
Choose one species to view its source overview. All-species evidence remains available below.
View full clinical evidence and sources ↓Clinical evidence
Pending clinical review (PROPOSED)Rule-based (RULE_BASED)— applies to the facts and dose entries in this species selection; individual source records retain their own status.
Indications4
Combination chemotherapy (lymphoma/CHOP, leukemias, carcinomas, sarcomas); immunosuppression (SLE, pemphigus, rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, IMHA — controversial benefit with prednisone)
DogCatExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)2 source records · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Combination chemotherapy (lymphoma/CHOP, leukemias, carcinomas, sarcomas); immunosuppression (SLE, pemphigus, rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, IMHA — controversial benefit with prednisone) — Extra-label (human drug)
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Combination chemotherapy (lymphoma/CHOP, leukemias, carcinomas, sarcomas); immunosuppression (SLE, pemphigus, rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis, IMHA — controversial benefit with prednisone) — Extra-label (human drug)
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Metronomic low-dose + piroxicam — delays local recurrence of incompletely resected soft tissue sarcomas
DogExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Metronomic low-dose + piroxicam — delays local recurrence of incompletely resected soft tissue sarcomas — Extra-label
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Slows FIP progression (2–4 mg/kg 4×/wk)
CatExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)1 source record · View provenance
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Slows FIP progression (2–4 mg/kg 4×/wk) — Extra-label
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Dose regimens5
This calculator performs arithmetic only on the sourced dosing field shown for each result — it does not verify the field's accuracy, does not select which field to use for a patient, and does not replace a veterinarian's order. Not for clinical use. Confirm every result against the primary source before dispensing.
Choose one species above to view its dose calculator.
Adverse effects136
Myelosuppression — Dose-limiting
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
GI (anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea) — Common
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis — Acrolein injury — encourage frequent voiding/urine dilution; more common with chronic PO use
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Alopecia — Poodles, Old English Sheepdogs and similar coats
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
These are counts of spontaneously reported events, not proven adverse effects, causal relationships, or incidence rates.
Bars compare report counts within each species; they do not show incidence.
More reportsFewer reportsDog
- Death by euthanasia11 reports
- Lack of efficacy - NOS9 reports
- Vomiting7 reports
- Diarrhoea6 reports
- Weight loss6 reports
- Anorexia5 reports
- Decreased appetite5 reports
- Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT)5 reports
- Anaemia NOS4 reports
- Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP)4 reports
- Lack of efficacy (neoplasia, no remission)4 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')4 reports
Cat
- Death by euthanasia3 reports
- Agitation2 reports
- Behavioural disorder NOS2 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')2 reports
- Vomiting2 reports
- Anisocoria1 reports
- Application site erythema1 reports
- Application site inflammation1 reports
- Ataxia1 reports
- Cold feeling of extremity1 reports
- Crying1 reports
- Decreased packed cell volume (PCV)1 reports
Monitoring1
CBC (nadir ~7–14 days) before each cycle; urinalysis for hemorrhagic cystitis (hematuria → stop + investigate); renal/hepatic values; patient's voiding behavior
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Monitoring Parameters · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Contraindications1
Prior anaphylaxis; pregnancy
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Precautions5
Leukopenia/thrombocytopenia, prior radiotherapy, hepatic/renal impairment, active infection (dangerous immunosuppression)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Hemorrhagic cystitis is the cyclophosphamide signature: acrolein sits in the bladder — push fluids, encourage voiding, never dose at bedtime without a pee break; cystitis risk forces drug holidays or switching to chlorambucil.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Prodrug design: hepatic activation required — hepatic dysfunction alters both toxicity and efficacy.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Metronomic dosing (10 mg/m² daily + piroxicam) is anti-angiogenic low-toxicity chemo — a different philosophy from MTD pulses.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Tablet-core structure: compounding or the whole-tablet weekly-total trick beats inaccurate splitting.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Interactions5
Other myelosuppressives — Additive marrow toxicity
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Doxorubicin — ↑ cardiotoxicity
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Allopurinol — ↓ cyclophosphamide efficacy + ↑ marrow toxicity (human)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Barbiturates, chloramphenicol — Hepatic enzyme effects on activation
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
NSAIDs/piroxicam — Deliberate metronomic pairing (efficacy)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pharmacokinetics3
Mechanism — Prodrug → hepatic activation to phosphoramide mustard (alkylating) → DNA cross-linking
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Immunology — Marked immunosuppression: ↓ WBC + antibody production
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Metabolism — Hepatic activation; renal excretion of metabolites
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pregnancy / lactation considerations1
Teratogenic/fetotoxic — contraindicated.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 325–327 — Pregnancy & Lactation · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Literature references19
References are linked to this drug. Species applicability is not recorded here, so the species filter does not narrow this list. Imported dates do not retain their original precision; confirm dates in the original citation.
- Quercetin and hesperidin attenuate cyclophosphamide-induced renal injury in rats.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Hesperidin attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder injury: Sex-dependent histopathological and cellular alterations in rats.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Cardioprotection by Allium ampeloprasum subsp. Iranicum: attenuation of cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity via modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediator.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- The protective effect of baicalin against cyclophosphamide-induced testicular damage in rats.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Hepatoprotective effect of dipyridamole against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
Sources: PubMed, National Library of Medicine; openFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Plumb DC. Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook. 7th ed. PharmaVet Inc; 2011.
Owner information handout
Plain-language medication information to review with the owner. Open the handout to print it or download a PDF.