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One selection filters the source overview, clinical facts, reports and dose calculator. Literature references are not species-filtered.
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Source overview
Recorded excerpts for one species. Each dose remains a separate source entry; no regimen is selected.
Choose one species to view its source overview. All-species evidence remains available below.
View full clinical evidence and sources ↓Clinical evidence
Pending clinical review (PROPOSED)Rule-based (RULE_BASED)— applies to the facts and dose entries in this species selection; individual source records retain their own status.
Indications1
Patnaik grade II/III recurrent cutaneous mast cell tumors (± regional LN) — FDA-approved; investigational: sarcomas, carcinomas, melanoma, myeloma; metronomic combos
DogOn-label (ON_LABEL)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Indications table · Not applicable · On-label (ON_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Patnaik grade II/III recurrent cutaneous mast cell tumors (± regional LN) — FDA-approved; investigational: sarcomas, carcinomas, melanoma, myeloma; metronomic combos — Authorized (Palladia — veterinary label)
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Indications table · Not applicable · On-label (ON_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Dose regimens2
This calculator performs arithmetic only on the sourced dosing field shown for each result — it does not verify the field's accuracy, does not select which field to use for a patient, and does not replace a veterinarian's order. Not for clinical use. Confirm every result against the primary source before dispensing.
Choose one species above to view its dose calculator.
Adverse effects204
Diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss, lameness, blood in stool — Most common — the label's big five
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Severe GI bleeding — Requires immediate interruption/dose-reduction
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Neutropenia, hypoalbuminemia, muscle cramping — Occasional
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Thromboembolism (incl. pulmonary), vasculitis/edema, pancreatitis, seizures, nasal depigmentation, coat color change, epistaxis — Less common but notable
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
These are counts of spontaneously reported events, not proven adverse effects, causal relationships, or incidence rates.
Bars compare report counts within each species; they do not show incidence.
More reportsFewer reportsDog
- Diarrhoea224 reports
- Vomiting194 reports
- Anorexia164 reports
- Anaemia NOS107 reports
- Neutropenia100 reports
- Lameness97 reports
- Death by euthanasia96 reports
- Lack of efficacy - NOS87 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')86 reports
- Weight loss84 reports
- Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP)82 reports
- Leucopenia NOS82 reports
Cat
- Vomiting19 reports
- Death by euthanasia14 reports
- Lack of efficacy - NOS14 reports
- Anorexia11 reports
- Weight loss8 reports
- Anaemia NOS7 reports
- Death7 reports
- Diarrhoea6 reports
- Decreased appetite5 reports
- Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT)5 reports
- Neutropenia5 reports
- Not eating5 reports
Monitoring1
Weekly initially: appetite, weight, stool (hemoccult), lameness, CBC, albumin; dose-adjust per protocol; GI prophylaxis: start famotidine/omeprazole + diphenhydramine ± prednisone 4–7 days BEFORE toceranib (London's pre-medication bundle)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Monitoring Parameters · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Contraindications1
Breeding/pregnant/lactating bitches
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Precautions5
The "start the GI protectants before day 1" strategy (antacid + antihistamine ± prednisone, sucralfate if hemoccult+) prevents most toxicity dropouts.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Stop ≥3 days before surgery (vascular dysfunction → edema/thromboembolism risk)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
The first FDA-approved veterinary cancer drug — a pharmacy milestone: Kit-mutation-driven MCT therapy with targeted (not cytotoxic) logic.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
3.25 mg/kg is the label, 2.5–2.75 mg/kg is the real-world tolerance refinement — exam answer vs practice wisdom.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Lameness/muscle cramping + hypoalbuminemia are the odd-signature toxicities that distinguish toceranib GI panels from classic chemo.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Interactions4
Loperamide — Used deliberately on dosing days for diarrhea — but caution in MDR1 mutants (P-gp substrate neurotoxicity)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
NSAIDs + prednisone — Never together (Garrett); prednisone only on non-toceranib days
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
CYP-metabolized drugs — Theoretical (metabolic pathway)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Ketoconazole/azole CYP inhibitors — Potential ↑ levels (class caution)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pharmacokinetics4
Mechanism — RTK inhibitor: Kit (MCT mutations!), VEGFR-2, PDGFR-β — ATP-competitive → anti-angiogenesis + apoptosis of Kit-mutant cells
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Bioavailability — ~77% oral; food-insensitive; 94% protein-bound; Vd >20 L/kg
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Half-life — ~17 h IV / ~31 h PO
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Metabolism — CYP + FMO → N-oxide
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pregnancy / lactation considerations1
Likely teratogen — contraindicated in breeding, pregnant, lactating bitches; not evaluated <24 months or <5 kg.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 1129–1130 — Pregnancy & Lactation · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Literature references10
References are linked to this drug. Species applicability is not recorded here, so the species filter does not narrow this list. Imported dates do not retain their original precision; confirm dates in the original citation.
- Surgery and toceranib for renal cell carcinoma with caval thrombus in a dog.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Complete Response to the Combination of Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy in Stage IV Nasal Adenocarcinoma of a Dog: A Case Report.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Case Report: Personalized, functional drug sensitivity-guided chemotherapy achieves long-term disease-free survival in canine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Long-term management of mandibular osteosarcoma in a dog using toceranib after hemimandibulectomy.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Effect of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitor Toceranib on Cardiac Function and Endothelial Dysfunction Biomarkers in Dogs With Cancer.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
Sources: PubMed, National Library of Medicine; openFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Plumb DC. Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook. 7th ed. PharmaVet Inc; 2011.
Owner information handout
Plain-language medication information to review with the owner. Open the handout to print it or download a PDF.
Available products
Products listed in the Health Canada Drug Product Database for this active ingredient. A listing does not establish that a product is authorized for the clinical uses described on this page.