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One selection filters the source overview, clinical facts, reports and dose calculator. Literature references are not species-filtered.
Choose one species for its overview and dose calculator, or all species to browse the full evidence.
Source overview
Recorded excerpts for one species. Each dose remains a separate source entry; no regimen is selected.
Choose one species to view its source overview. All-species evidence remains available below.
View full clinical evidence and sources ↓Clinical evidence
Pending clinical review (PROPOSED)Rule-based (RULE_BASED)— applies to the facts and dose entries in this species selection; individual source records retain their own status.
Indications3
Susceptible lower urinary tract infections and prophylaxis against recurrent UTI (E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Enterococci, Staph aureus/epidermidis, Citrobacter)
DogCatExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)2 source records · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Susceptible lower urinary tract infections and prophylaxis against recurrent UTI (E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Enterococci, Staph aureus/epidermidis, Citrobacter) — Extra-label (human drug)
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Susceptible lower urinary tract infections and prophylaxis against recurrent UTI (E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Enterococci, Staph aureus/epidermidis, Citrobacter) — Extra-label (human drug)
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pyelonephritis, renal cortical/perinephric abscess, systemic infection — no tissue levels
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Indications table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Pyelonephritis, renal cortical/perinephric abscess, systemic infection — no tissue levels — —
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Indications table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Dose regimens4
This calculator performs arithmetic only on the sourced dosing field shown for each result — it does not verify the field's accuracy, does not select which field to use for a patient, and does not replace a veterinarian's order. Not for clinical use. Confirm every result against the primary source before dispensing.
Choose one species above to view its dose calculator.
Adverse effects79
GI disturbance — Main effect
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Hepatopathy (drug-induced) — Rare but documented — check liver enzymes if unwell
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Peripheral neuropathy, male infertility — Human-class effects
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Hemolytic anemia — GLUT-deficient humans; neonates
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
These are counts of spontaneously reported events, not proven adverse effects, causal relationships, or incidence rates.
Bars compare report counts within each species; they do not show incidence.
More reportsFewer reportsDog
- Death by euthanasia6 reports
- Hind limb paresis3 reports
- Agonal breathing2 reports
- Ataxia2 reports
- Collapse NOS (see also Cardio-vascular and Neurological disorders)2 reports
- Decreased haematocrit2 reports
- Haemorrhage NOS2 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')2 reports
- Neurological signs NOS2 reports
- Weight loss2 reports
- Abnormal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test1 reports
- Anxiety1 reports
Cat
- Behavioural disorder NOS2 reports
- Death by euthanasia2 reports
- Abdominal pain1 reports
- Aggression1 reports
- Biting -aggression (see also Skin and appendages disorders)1 reports
- Blood in urine1 reports
- Bradycardia1 reports
- Constipation1 reports
- Decreased red blood cell count1 reports
- Dysuria1 reports
- Excitation1 reports
- Hallucination1 reports
Monitoring1
Urine culture (confirm + test-of-cure); liver enzymes if GI signs/lethargy; renal function baseline (contraindicated if impaired)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Monitoring Parameters · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Contraindications1
Renal impairment (no urinary concentration achieved + accumulation); hypersensitivity
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Precautions4
Not for pyelonephritis/renal infections; G6PD-like hemolysis caution in neonates; pregnancy near term
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
"Bladder-liner, not a systemic antibiotic": brilliant for recurrent sporadic bacterial cystitis prophylaxis (nightly post-void dosing maximizes bladder residence), useless for kidney infection — a favorite exam distinction.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Prophylaxis is a last step AFTER treating the active infection and hunting for underlying causes (anatomy, stones, incontinence, endocrine).
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Proteus (urease-producing, alkalinizes urine) is doubly protected — intrinsic resistance + pH-driven activity loss.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Interactions3
Magnesium trisilicate antacids — ↓ absorption
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Fluoroquinolones — Antagonism reported (class) — avoid together
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Urinary alkalinizers — ↓ activity (acid urine needed)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pharmacokinetics3
Concentration — Therapeutic only in URINE — negligible plasma/tissue levels
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Spectrum gap — Little/no activity vs Proteus, Serratia, Pseudomonas
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
pH effect — More active in ACIDIC urine
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pregnancy / lactation considerations1
Potentially teratogenic; toxic to neonates (hemolysis) — avoid near term and in nursing young.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 892–893 — Pregnancy & Lactation · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Literature references16
References are linked to this drug. Species applicability is not recorded here, so the species filter does not narrow this list. Imported dates do not retain their original precision; confirm dates in the original citation.
- Non-typhoidal Salmonella in food animals in Paraguay: predominant serovars and resistance phenotypes.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Molecular Insights and Antibiotic Resistance of Proteus mirabilis from Retail Meat Sources in Iran.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Chronic uropathogenic Escherichia coli infections in adolescence: in vitro analysis of clinical isolates, multidrug resistance, and in vivo hippocampal cognitive impacts.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- A genome-wide CRISPRi screen identifies homologous recombination pathway as potential target for broad-spectrum antibiotic adjuvants.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Avian trichomonosis: An innovative approach in drug redirection with Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, and Nitrofurantoin.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
Sources: PubMed, National Library of Medicine; openFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Plumb DC. Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook. 7th ed. PharmaVet Inc; 2011.
Owner information handout
Plain-language medication information to review with the owner. Open the handout to print it or download a PDF.