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One selection filters the source overview, clinical facts, reports and dose calculator. Literature references are not species-filtered.
Choose one species for its overview and dose calculator, or all species to browse the full evidence.
Source overview
Recorded excerpts for one species. Each dose remains a separate source entry; no regimen is selected.
Choose one species to view its source overview. All-species evidence remains available below.
View full clinical evidence and sources ↓Clinical evidence
Pending clinical review (PROPOSED)Rule-based (RULE_BASED)— applies to the facts and dose entries in this species selection; individual source records retain their own status.
Indications2
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, subaortic/pulmonic stenosis, hypertension
DogExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, subaortic/pulmonic stenosis, hypertension — Extra-label
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (rate control), hyperthyroid-associated tachycardia/hypertension
CatExtra-label (EXTRA_LABEL)1 source record · View provenance
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (rate control), hyperthyroid-associated tachycardia/hypertension — Extra-label
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Indications table · Not applicable · Extra-label (EXTRA_LABEL) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Dose regimens3
This calculator performs arithmetic only on the sourced dosing field shown for each result — it does not verify the field's accuracy, does not select which field to use for a patient, and does not replace a veterinarian's order. Not for clinical use. Confirm every result against the primary source before dispensing.
Choose one species above to view its dose calculator.
Adverse effects205
Lethargy, hypotension — Can occur within 1h of dosing
DogCatNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)2 source records · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Bradycardia, impaired AV conduction — Expected pharmacologic effect
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Diarrhea, syncope — Reported
DogNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Bronchoconstriction — Less likely than non-selective beta-blockers, but possible at higher doses
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
These are counts of spontaneously reported events, not proven adverse effects, causal relationships, or incidence rates.
Bars compare report counts within each species; they do not show incidence.
More reportsFewer reportsDog
- Vomiting10 reports
- Diarrhoea8 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')7 reports
- Emesis6 reports
- Death by euthanasia3 reports
- Decreased appetite3 reports
- Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT)3 reports
- Hives (see also 'Skin')3 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in Neurological)3 reports
- Not eating3 reports
- Other abnormal test result NOS3 reports
- Weakness3 reports
Cat
- Vomiting13 reports
- Death by euthanasia11 reports
- Behavioural disorder NOS10 reports
- Weight loss9 reports
- Death8 reports
- Lack of efficacy - NOS8 reports
- Anorexia6 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in Neurological)6 reports
- Ataxia5 reports
- Diarrhoea5 reports
- Elevated creatinine5 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')5 reports
Monitoring1
Heart rate/rhythm, ECG, blood pressure
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Monitoring Parameters · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Contraindications1
Overt heart failure (unless 2° to tachyarrhythmia), >1st-degree heart block, sinus bradycardia, hypersensitivity
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Precautions4
May mask hypoglycemia/hyperthyroidism signs; bronchospastic disease (relatively safer than non-selective beta-blockers); renal insufficiency, sinus node dysfunction; labile diabetics
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Do not stop abruptly — withdraw gradually to avoid rebound exacerbation of underlying cardiac disease (extrapolated from human data).
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Comparatively safe in patients with bronchospastic disease due to beta-1 selectivity at usual doses, but selectivity is lost at higher doses.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
May reduce clinical signs in cats with HCM but has not been shown to slow disease progression.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Interactions4
Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil) — Additive negative inotropy/chronotropy — use with caution
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Furosemide, other hypotensive agents — ↑ hypotension
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Sympathomimetics (terbutaline, epinephrine's beta effects) — Mutual antagonism
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Clonidine — May exacerbate rebound hypertension after stopping clonidine
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pharmacokinetics5
Bioavailability — ~90% (cat); 50–60% (human)
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Protein binding — Very low (5–15%)
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Half-life — 3.2h (dog); 3.7–5h (cat)
CatNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Metabolism — Minimal hepatic
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Elimination — 40–50% renal unchanged, rest fecal (unabsorbed)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pregnancy / lactation considerations1
Human FDA category C. Crosses placenta; levels in milk higher than plasma.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 118–120; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 56–57 — Pregnancy & Lactation · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Literature references18
References are linked to this drug. Species applicability is not recorded here, so the species filter does not narrow this list. Imported dates do not retain their original precision; confirm dates in the original citation.
- Camizestrant-induced heart rate reduction is mediated via a sinoatrial node pacemaker channel mechanism.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Comparison of low- and high-pressure balloon valvuloplasty in dogs with severe pulmonary valve stenosis.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Intestinal Cells-on-Chip for Permeability Studies.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- β-Adrenoceptor blockade can augment the torsadogenic action of risperidone.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Multimodal Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System in the Treatment of Cancer in Dogs Has Mild Adverse Effects in Some Dogs.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
Sources: PubMed, National Library of Medicine; openFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Plumb DC. Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook. 7th ed. PharmaVet Inc; 2011.
Owner information handout
Plain-language medication information to review with the owner. Open the handout to print it or download a PDF.