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Source overview
Recorded excerpts for one species. Each dose remains a separate source entry; no regimen is selected.
Choose one species to view its source overview. All-species evidence remains available below.
View full clinical evidence and sources ↓Clinical evidence
Pending clinical review (PROPOSED)Rule-based (RULE_BASED)— applies to the facts and dose entries in this species selection; individual source records retain their own status.
Indications2
Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity, other coagulopathies from vitamin K-dependent factor deficiency
DogCatNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)2 source records · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Indications table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity, other coagulopathies from vitamin K-dependent factor deficiency — Labeled (dogs/cats)
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Indications table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Original excerpt: Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity, other coagulopathies from vitamin K-dependent factor deficiency — Labeled (dogs/cats)
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Indications table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Dose regimens5
This calculator performs arithmetic only on the sourced dosing field shown for each result — it does not verify the field's accuracy, does not select which field to use for a patient, and does not replace a veterinarian's order. Not for clinical use. Confirm every result against the primary source before dispensing.
Choose one species above to view its dose calculator.
Adverse effects202
Anaphylactoid reaction after IV administration — Serious — this is why IV route is avoided
DogCatNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)2 source records · View provenance
- Dog · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
- Cat · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Acute bleeding at IM injection site — Early in treatment, in coagulopathic patients
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Slow/poor absorption if SC/oral in hypovolemic patients — —
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Side Effects / Adverse Effects table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
These are counts of spontaneously reported events, not proven adverse effects, causal relationships, or incidence rates.
Bars compare report counts within each species; they do not show incidence.
More reportsFewer reportsDog
- Vomiting40 reports
- Lethargy (see also Central nervous system depression in 'Neurological')36 reports
- Elevated total bilirubin31 reports
- Other abnormal test result NOS30 reports
- Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT)28 reports
- Death by euthanasia27 reports
- Thrombocytopenia25 reports
- Anaemia NOS24 reports
- Anorexia23 reports
- Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP)23 reports
- Elevated liver enzymes21 reports
- Abnormal ultrasound finding18 reports
Cat
- Anaemia NOS4 reports
- Anorexia4 reports
- Leucocytosis NOS4 reports
- Other abnormal test result NOS4 reports
- Abnormal radiograph finding3 reports
- Breathing difficulty3 reports
- Death by euthanasia3 reports
- Regenerative anaemia3 reports
- Thrombocytopenia3 reports
- Vomiting3 reports
- Coagulopathy2 reports
- Death2 reports
Monitoring1
PT (one-stage prothrombin time) or PIVKA; recheck 48h after discontinuing therapy to confirm the coagulopathy has truly resolved (not just masked by ongoing supplementation) — extend treatment if still prolonged.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Monitoring Parameters · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Contraindications1
Hypersensitivity; does not correct hypoprothrombinemia due to hepatocellular damage (not the right tool for liver-failure coagulopathy)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Precautions4
FDA-CVM has warned against IV administration due to anaphylaxis risk — despite some older dosing references listing IV options, avoid this route; use small-gauge needles for SC/IM
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Contraindications & Warnings table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Never give IV — this is the single most important safety point; use SC (preferred if not PO) or PO with a fatty meal.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
For actively bleeding patients, phytonadione alone will NOT provide the 6–12h needed for new factor synthesis — give fresh frozen plasma/whole blood for the acute crisis, then start phytonadione for ongoing management.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Duration of therapy depends on the specific anticoagulant — 2nd-generation (long-acting) rodenticides require a much longer course (up to 6 weeks) than 1st-generation compounds; if the specific product is unknown, treat as if 2nd-generation.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Clinical pearl · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Interactions4
Warfarin/other anticoagulant rodenticides — Vitamin K1 antagonizes their anticoagulant effect (this is the intended therapeutic action)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Mineral oil — ↓ oral vitamin K absorption
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Cephalosporins — May decrease vitamin K–dependent clotting factors (theoretical, additive concern)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Chronic oral antibiotics — May reduce gut vitamin K–producing bacteria
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Drug Interactions table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pharmacokinetics3
Absorption — Requires bile salts; ↑4–5× with fatty food (dogs)
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Onset — New clotting factor synthesis takes 6–12h even after dosing
Other speciesNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Other species · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Distribution — Small amounts cross placenta; enters milk
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Pharmacokinetics table · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Pregnancy / lactation considerations1
Safety not fully documented in pregnancy but crosses placenta only in small amounts. Human FDA category C. Excreted in milk, unlikely to harm nursing offspring.
Species not recordedNot applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE)1 source record · View provenance
- Species not recorded · Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook, 7th ed., p. 975–977; Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs (Papich), 4th ed., p. 843–844 — Pregnancy & Lactation · Not applicable · Not applicable (NOT_APPLICABLE) · Pending clinical review (PROPOSED) · Rule-based
Literature references20
References are linked to this drug. Species applicability is not recorded here, so the species filter does not narrow this list. Imported dates do not retain their original precision; confirm dates in the original citation.
- Anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning confirmed by vitamin K1 depletion in raptors from Patagonia.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Intravenous Administration of Vitamin K1 in Dogs and Cats Presented for Anticoagulant Rodenticide Poisoning: A Retrospective Study of 58 Cases.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Maternal dietary phylloquinone intake (vitamin K1) and early childhood neurodevelopment.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Comparison of intravenous mixed micelle phytomenadione (vitamin K1) and traditional therapies for the treatment of anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis in dogs and cats: a retrospective study.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
- Supplementation of Vitamin K1 in Dogs With Chronic Enteropathy.
Study summary not available in the imported record. Open the original citation to review the study.
Sources: PubMed, National Library of Medicine; openFDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Plumb DC. Plumb's Veterinary Drug Handbook. 7th ed. PharmaVet Inc; 2011.
Owner information handout
Plain-language medication information to review with the owner. Open the handout to print it or download a PDF.
Available products
Products listed in the Health Canada Drug Product Database for this active ingredient. A listing does not establish that a product is authorized for the clinical uses described on this page.